Scientific myths
1 "The deeper the layer, the older the fossil"
2 "Fossils formed slowly over time"
3 "Prehistoric animals were primitive"
4 "Dinosaurs were bloodthirsty monsters"
5 "Dinosaurs lived long before humans"
6 "Dinosaurs are the ancestors of birds"
7 "The first cell arose spontaneously"
8 "Single-celled organisms became multicellular organisms"
9 "Mutations prove evolution"
10 "Rudimentary and homologous organs prove evolution"
11 "Multiverses explain the origin of life"
12 "Predators and parasites prove evolution"
13 "Humans and apes have common ancestors"
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1st Myth:
"The deeper the layer, the older the fossil"
There are certain organisms that live closer to the water's surface. These include mussels, snails, and corals, among others. Others live in deeper waters. If these organisms are buried underwater by the disturbed sediment due to a sudden flood, they are usually found at the same level where they lived until they were fossilized. Birds, mammals, and other land creatures, if they perish in the flood, would float on top of the water. The location of the layer in which a fossil is found therefore says nothing about its actual age.
2nd Myth:
"Fossils formed slowly over time"
The lion's share of fossils is deposited in wet sediment. This indicates a rapid fossilization process. Animals or plants that are not quickly encased in sediment would decay and decompose after a certain period of time. Everything indicates that the geological layers formed quickly. The decisive factor here was so-called turbid flows. A turbid flow is a mudslide that occurs underwater. The greater the flood, the stronger the turbid flows. This is one of many pieces of evidence for a global flood, as attested in the Bible (see: The Flood).
3rd Myth:
"Prehistoric animals were primitive"
All animals found as fossils exhibit a high degree of complexity. This enables the organisms to exist and function. All animals were perfectly adapted to the habitat in which they lived. The animals' genetic variation enabled them to adapt to changing circumstances in a short period of time. Many so-called "primitive animals" excavated as fossils still exist unchanged today. These include ammonites, starfish, sea snails, turtles, coelacanths, nautilus, and many more. Other species, such as trilobites, which were no less complex, no longer exist. However, the fact that an animal is extinct does not mean that it must be older than one that is still alive. Nor does it mean that this animal is primitive or that a living animal evolved from an extinct species.
4th Myth:
"Dinosaurs were bloodthirsty monsters"
There is no evidence that dinosaurs were brutal carnivores, as is often portrayed, especially in Hollywood films or TV documentaries. Most dinosaurs were the size of a chicken. A Tyrannosaurus would have been unsuited for hunting due to its size, poor agility, and shortened forelimbs. Distinctive physical characteristics such as teeth or horns (see Triceratops) are not – as scientists claim – the result of an evolutionary process designed to enable the animals to hunt prey or defend themselves against predators. In fact, they are secondary sexual characteristics that primarily serve an aesthetic function and serve to attract females. The situation is similar for apes, reindeer, cattle, birds, insects, and many other animal species. The fact that some animals now use their teeth, horns, claws or antlers for fighting and for obtaining food is also due to the changed living conditions and the associated struggle for survival.
5th Myth:
"Dinosaurs lived long before humans"
Science teaches that modern humans only appeared on the Earth's surface between 3 and 6 million years ago. Dinosaurs, on the other hand, are thought to have become extinct at least 65 million years ago. In 1961, stones were found in the Peruvian city of Ica depicting humans alongside other creatures that can clearly be identified as dinosaurs. However, since the appearance of dinosaurs was only reconstructed from the fossils found in modern times, older cultures could not have had any knowledge of the appearance of these animals if they had indeed become extinct long ago. Therefore, these stones are clear evidence that dinosaurs and humans coexisted. The claim of skeptics that these stones are fake has not yet been convincingly proven.
The situation is similar with the mammoth. One day, researchers in caves in France discovered intricate paintings depicting humans alongside mammoths. Furthermore, many fossilized human footprints exist alongside dinosaur tracks in the same geological layers, proving that humans and dinosaurs lived together. Furthermore, there are dinosaur bones that still contain intact blood cells. It's impossible that these could have survived millions of years. Rather, this fact suggests that dinosaurs must have existed only a few thousand years ago before becoming extinct.
6th Myth:
"Dinosaurs are the ancestors of birds"
The idea that birds evolved from dinosaurs is a myth, as more and more respected scientists are admitting. The feathered dinosaurs depicted in books and museums are nothing but the fantasies of fanatical researchers. In fact, no fossils exist to prove the existence of such creatures. Recent studies have shown that, unlike dinosaurs, birds do not possess embryonic thumbs, which suggests that a close relationship between these organisms is impossible. Furthermore, it is impossible that the lungs of dinosaurs, with their vesicle-like shape, evolved into the high-performance lungs of today's birds. According to some researchers, the so-called feather marks that some dinosaur fossils have on their tails are frayed collagen fibers and not feathers like those found in birds. One reason for this is that they are far less organized than bird feathers.
In addition, dinosaurs had scales, which form very differently than bird feathers. Furthermore, the structure of a feather is so complex that it couldn't have evolved from scales. Furthermore, there are different types of feathers, which must be positioned in exactly the right places on the bird's body for it to be able to fly. This aspect makes the theory of bird evolution even more implausible. Furthermore, it is biophysically impossible that the ability of birds to fly evolved from such large bipeds with shortened forelimbs and heavy balancing tails.
The claim that dinosaurs were the ancestors of birds is one of the greatest scientific lies of our time, as Storrs L. Olson, the renowned evolutionist and bird curator at the world-renowned Smithsonian Institute of Evolution, once confirmed. Nevertheless, this theory continues to be taught in schools and disseminated as truth, even though it has long been scientifically disproven.
7th Myth:
"The first cell arose spontaneously"
Regarding the question of how life arose from inanimate matter, Darwin speculated that the first primitive cells might have evolved from simple chemical compounds in the primordial soup of the early Earth. The first concrete theory on this was proposed by the Russian Alexander Oparin in the 1920s and 1930s. This theory gained increasing popularity in the following decades under the term "chemical evolution." Oparin's theory states that simple chemical compounds combined to form increasingly larger molecules. These, according to Oparin, eventually coalesced to form the first primitive cell.
Most schools teach that life began in a special primordial atmosphere under the influence of lightning. This is how the first amino acids, from which the first proteins are said to have formed, were created. In 1953, the American biologist and chemist Stanley Miller conducted a famous experiment, the so-called "Miller Experiment." Through this experiment, Miller wanted to demonstrate that, according to his theory, various amino acids could be produced. In this context, he claimed that the amino acids concentrated in a broth in the ocean and then combined to form proteins. Eventually, the first simple cell formed from the proteins and DNA (genetic material). What Miller successfully demonstrated in his experiment under artificial conditions does not work in reality under natural conditions. To date, scientists have not been able to demonstrate how amino acids dissolved in water combine to form proteins or how genetic information can form outside of a living cell.
Proteins, the building blocks of life, were essential for the development of the first living cells. Proteins consist of a long chain of amino acids that, when folded together, form the protein. In nature, there are 20 different amino acids, which biologists refer to as the letters of the alphabet. In contrast, there are at least 30,000 proteins, each of which is composed of different combinations of the 20 amino acids. Here, the amino acids must be arranged in a chain. Similar to computer code, only the correct combination of letters produces meaningful words. Every protein has a specific three-dimensional shape into which it must be folded. This process takes place in a highly complex molecular factory. The specific shape of the protein determines its function. Only if the protein is folded correctly can it correctly perform its intended function in the cell. On the other hand, even the slightest change during the folding process can render the protein useless, cause disease, or lead to the death of the cell.
The folding of proteins requires so-called chaperones (= special proteins). The task and function of these chaperones is to guide a newly formed protein to its intended location in the cell. The protein must not only be correctly folded, but also correctly addressed. Only then can the various proteins work together. Therefore, the chaperone helps both with folding and with insertion into the respective cell. The chaperones themselves must also be correctly folded in order to function. For this purpose, each chaperone has its own chaperone. This fact presents the proponents of the theory of evolution with an insoluble problem. Without the existence of chaperones, the first chaperones would not have been able to fold. To ensure that the newly formed protein finds its intended location, the assembled amino acids contain a special segment at their ends. This segment, in turn, contains the information about its respective destination.
Furthermore, each cell can only contain a certain amount of protein. Therefore, the production of each individual protein must be started and stopped at the right moment. Specific sections of the DNA are responsible for this. Their function is to tell the cell when to start or stop producing a protein. This requires cooperation with special regulatory proteins, each of which corresponds to a specific section of the DNA. Together, these proteins form a switch. The two must be perfectly coordinated to ensure correct switching on and off. Furthermore, each worn-out protein must be able to be replaced by a new one in a timely manner. This ingenious and yet meticulously coordinated process refutes the assumption that a so-called "primordial cell" could ever have arisen spontaneously. Rather, the entire system that enables protein production must have been present in the first cell from the very beginning. Otherwise, it could not have existed.
8th Myth:
"Single-celled organisms became multicellular organisms"
During Darwin's lifetime, it was generally believed that cells were simple clumps of photoplasm, similar to a piece of jelly. But since the 1950s, knowledge about cells and their complexity has grown massively. Researchers have discovered that there are countless molecular machines that control the complex functions in the body. When asked how these came about, evolution is a completely inadequate answer.
Today, scientists assume that individual cells initially came together to form colonies. Multicellular organisms are thought to have developed from these cell associations. The internal structures of single-celled organisms must already contain everything this organism needs to live. However, a multicellular organism is not just a division of identical cells; it consists of different cells that differ from one another in their structure and function, and each of which is highly complex in its own right. For example, there are stem cells, red and white blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, and cartilage cells. Each cell is in turn based on different genetic information. However, if the "primordial cell" consisted of just one cell and therefore one set of genes, the question arises: where do all the other genes in the other cells come from?
In order for the different cells in an organism to work together, they must be placed in different places and activated and deactivated by a corresponding switch. This, too, requires different genes. These include structural genes, switch genes, and genes that control physiology and embryology (= formation and development of the fertilized egg cell). This again raises the question of where genes come from. The probability alone that a single gene arises by chance is equivalent to one followed by eighty zeros. If you apply this calculation to the totality of all genes necessary for an organism to exist, you enter a realm mathematically beyond all reason. Consequently, this highly complex process can only be explained by a higher intelligence as its cause.
9th Myth:
"Mutations prove evolution"
Science claims that over time, random mutations occur in different species, leading to changes in an organism that may be beneficial to it. This, in turn, gives rise to different variations of plants and animals, with those with genetic advantages prevailing over the others in the long run.
Mutations are changes in genetic information or hereditary material. They are usually caused by a spontaneous change in a base, which can be triggered by so-called mutagens. These include UV radiation, X-rays, and various chemicals. In practice, there are only a few examples that serve as a model. One of these is sickle cell anemia. In this mutation, the red blood cells have an altered shape, similar to a crescent moon, rather than the normal round shape. This reduces the likelihood of parasites invading the body, which in turn increases the chance of avoiding malaria. This is considered a "beneficial mutation" in science. In fact, it is a disease or genetic disorder. The symptoms are similar to pneumonia and range from fever, cough, and difficulty breathing to severe chest pain. This clearly indicates that this is a negative mutation, as is generally the case with mutations.
Even though some mutations can have positive side effects, they are usually harmful or even fatal to the organism. All hereditary diseases are caused by mutated genes. Only a fraction of all scientifically studied mutations have been classified as beneficial. However, not a single one resulted in an increase in genetic information. Even when bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, no new genetic information is created. Instead, there is a loss of genetic information in the genome. This usually only changes a single base, which means that certain bacteria are no longer able to dock in the host body.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, scientists have created various artificial mutations in the fruit fly Drosophila. However, none of the more than 3,000 mutants produced a new organism. This proves that mutations do not create new genetic material or information. Therefore, mutations are not evidence of evolution but represent errors in the genome and are therefore exceptions, not the rule.
10th Myth:
"Rudimentary and homologous organs prove evolution"
Science claims that some human organs are incomplete (rudimentary) and indicate evolutionary change. In 1895, Robert Wiedersheim compiled a list of 100 supposedly rudimentary organs. These included the thymus gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, and the cecum with its inferior appendix. However, science gradually discovered that all of the organs on Wiedersheim's list have very important functions throughout a person's life, particularly during embryonic development and the first years of life. For example, the thymus gland stimulates the immune system in the human body and activates T cells (= white blood cells). The pineal gland, on the other hand, secretes melatonin. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine, while the cecum is necessary for the intestines to learn to distinguish between good and bad bacteria. This suggests that there are no useless organs. The claim that the human coccyx represents the remnant of a tail is false and baseless. Likewise, the skin between the human fingers does not indicate a fish or amphibian ancestry. The supposed embryonic gills also turned out to be the initial stages of the middle ear canal, parathyroid gland, and thymus gland.
Furthermore, science teaches that there are certain organs that have an identical basic structure. These are referred to in science as "homologous organs." This implies that organisms with homologous organs share a common ancestor. Examples include the limbs of various vertebrates such as humans, whales, and birds. Today, however, we know that all of these organs are produced by different gene complexes in each species. This fact refutes the claim that humans and animals are related because of their partially similar anatomy.
11th Myth:
"Multiverses explain the origin of life"
Furthermore, science teaches that there are certain organs that have an identical basic structure. These are referred to in science as "homologous organs." This implies that organisms with homologous organs share a common ancestor. Examples include the limbs of various vertebrates such as humans, whales, and birds. Today, however, we know that all of these organs are produced by different gene complexes in each species. This fact refutes the claim that humans and animals are related because of their partially similar anatomy....
In order to describe the entire universe based on the known laws of nature, it is essential to assume that these laws of nature are universal and time-independent. This means that all natural laws must have existed from the very beginning. These constants necessary for life could, in turn, have been determined solely by an intelligent Creator.
The theory of a multiverse provides neither an explanation for the origin of the universe nor a plausible justification for the existence of the different laws of nature; it simply shifts the problem to another level. The existence of parallel universes cannot be scientifically proven. Thus, this theory remains purely speculative. Furthermore, it reinforces the belief in the existence of a creator. After all, if the universe we observe already points to a higher intelligence, how much more so would a universe of even greater magnitude.
12th Myth:
"Predators and parasites prove evolution"
God is the Creator of all creatures, the question arises as to why there is so much suffering in the animal world and how the existence of parasites and other pests can be explained. This question also occupied Darwin. The fact that Darwin could not reconcile his scientific observations of brutality between organisms with his belief in a benevolent Creator influenced his considerations regarding the theory of evolution, which remained the only plausible explanation for him. In contrast, the Bible itself gives us clues as to how the current situation in nature can be explained. The creation account states that God created heaven and earth, plants and animals, and finally humankind as male and female, and that everything God created was very good. This means that at the beginning of world history there were no wars, no disease, and no death, not even in nature.
This only changed with the Fall. After the first humans transgressed God's commandment, God banished them from paradise. The curse that God pronounced on the Earth because of humankind's sin changed the living conditions on the planet—both for humans and for all animals and plants.
While in the beginning, humans and animals lived in harmony with one another and no one lacked food, many animals and plants were now forced to adapt to the changing conditions on Earth. Although God originally created all animals as herbivores, some of them now began to hunt or kill other animals and eat their flesh in order to survive. Thus, the struggle for survival became a sign of a fallen creation, triggered by humankind's rebellion against its Creator....
Poison fangs
Snake fangs are modified salivary glands. These enzymes were originally used to soak plant food. However, when these enter the bloodstream of another organism, they have a toxic effect and trigger a violent reaction in the body. This is not an evolutionary change.
Thorns and thistles
Thorns are modified stems or leaves. Under certain circumstances, plants develop thorns to minimize water loss through leaves and to survive in dry environments. The same gene that controls leaf growth causes the leaf to coil into a spine instead of unfolding. This process is genetic, not evolutionary.
Parasites
Animals we call parasites were not created by God as pests. Most parasites have neither intestines nor eyes. Many are physically reduced to a single sexual organ. The larvae of many parasites, however, are free-living. In this state, they retain all their organs. Once a parasite invades a host, the organs disappear because the parasite now feeds on the host's predigested food remains. This, too, is a proven survival strategy.
Spider webs
Spider webs originally served to catch pollen, the primary food of spiders, not as a trap for prey. Since vegetation was very lush in the early days until the Flood, a relatively large amount of pollen remained in the webs. Since the number of plants on the planet has declined dramatically, the webs now primarily serve to catch small animals.
Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes are also not designed to suck blood, as is the case today. It is striking that only the females suck blood, while the males feed on plant sap using the same apparatus. Unlike the male, the female needs a lot of protein to produce eggs. Human or animal blood provides a richer source of protein than plant sap. Since some plant sap can thicken into gels—which could lead to constipation while drinking and thus to starvation for the animal—the mosquito injects enzymes into the plant to prevent the sap from gelling. These same enzymes prevent the blood of a human or animal from clotting while the mosquito sucks the protein-rich blood.
Bee stinger
The sting of bees, wasps, and hornets is also not a product of evolution designed to harm other organisms. In fact, it is a modified egg-laying apparatus (ovipositor) of the female bee. In the event of a threat, it is used – contrary to its original purpose – for defense. Male bees do not have a stinging sting. While wasps and hornets survive a sting, a bee dies shortly afterwards because it loses its sting in the process. This fact speaks against evolution, as such a sting offers the animal no selective advantage. The toxins transmitted through a bee or wasp sting are modified protein molecules produced during natural protein production. When injected into an organism, they can cause allergic reactions.
Carnivores
Science divides animals into herbivores, carnivores, and scavengers. It is claimed that each of these animal groups evolved through evolutionary processes. This is usually justified by the animals' anatomy and feeding behavior. While a lion and a wolf are naturally carnivores, animals such as sheep and deer are classified as herbivores. Various studies have shown that supposed predators such as wild cats and foxes can be domesticated within a few generations. During this process, a significant change in hormone levels has been observed that influences the behavior of humans and animals. While the animals initially had elevated levels of adrenaline (the stress hormone) and comparatively low levels of serotonin (the happiness hormone), which made them wild and aggressive, their adrenaline levels decreased over time, while the serotonin level in the brain increased significantly. As a result, the animals became increasingly tame and peaceful and could eventually even be fed with plants instead of the meat of other animals.
Scientists argue that the sharp and pointed claws and teeth, or rather, beaks, of certain animals classify them as predators and carnivores. Interestingly, animals such as pandas, koalas, raccoons, and several species of monkeys are also included in this category, even though they eat plants in the wild. Brown or grizzly bears, which are considered carnivores, also eat 90% plants, primarily berries. They only catch fish in winter, because no berries grow at that time of year.
Scavengers and faeces eaters
The fact that some animals eat the carcasses of dead animals cannot be explained by evolution, but rather serves the animal's survival due to the limited food supply. Some animals, such as pigs, rodents, or dogs, even consume their own excrement in order to utilize the nutrients in their food as effectively as possible. Consequently, there are no carnivores by nature. The same applies to us humans. After the Flood, God permitted humans to eat the meat of certain animals. However, contrary to many claims, eating meat offers no nutritional benefit, neither for animals nor for humans; quite the opposite.
13th Myth:
"Humans and apes have common ancestors"
Perhaps humanity's greatest myth is the scientific claim that humans evolved from ape-like ancestors. The fact is that there is no paleontologically verifiable human evolution. All fossils found in the past are either 100% apes or 100% humans. This includes hominids (= humans) such as the Neantera, Homo erectus, Homo habilis, and other so-called "early humans" who, in reality, were not.
Here, the natural variation that has always existed in apes and humans (with regard to body size, bone shape, age, sex, etc.) is used to demonstrate the alleged relationship between these two fundamentally different species. All explanations regarding the development and lifestyle of the supposed ancestors of humans, as mentioned in encyclopedias and scientific exhibitions, are pure speculation, for which there is no scientific evidence whatsoever. The same applies to illustrations depicting the alleged ancestors of humans. Here, too, the vast majority of reconstructions are based on incomplete skeletons or individual bone fragments that researchers piece together according to their own ideas. The finished skeletons are elaborately sculpted and then presented as human "ancestors."
These so-called "ancestors" are often depicted with human features to suggest a close relationship. This includes well-known creatures such as Lucy, Ardi, Little Foot, and others that have graced the covers of popular nature journals in recent decades, even though they were all normal apes with natural differences in body structure, similar to those found in apes and humans today.
The 98% genetic similarity between apes and humans is also unsuitable as evidence of a relationship. Because almost all existing animal species share genetic similarities, this merely demonstrates that all living beings are based on more or less the same biochemical cycles. For example, the genetic similarity between humans and mice is 95%; with pigs it is 90%; and with some tropical fruits it is still as high as 76%.