Big Bang Theory
1 Definition
2 Cosmological Principle
3 Conservation of Angular Momentum
4 Fine-Tuning
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1 Definition
The Big Bang is the name given to the beginning of the universe. According to the standard model of cosmology, the Big Bang occurred approximately 13.8 billion years ago. As a result, life is said to have evolved through random events over millions of years. How and why the Big Bang occurred remains a mystery to this day.
2 Cosmological Principle
According to the Big Bang theory, all the matter created by the explosion should have been distributed evenly (uniformly) throughout space. But the reality is different. A look at the starry sky with the naked eye shows that the distribution of stars is irregular. On a larger scale, the stars form galaxies, which in turn sometimes form galaxy clusters. So while a lot of matter is concentrated in some areas, there are large parts of the universe where little to no matter occurs. Matter is therefore not evenly (non-uniformly) distributed. The assumption that both matter and energy could arise spontaneously from nothing is absurd and not very credible. On the other hand, an almighty God who has no beginning or end and exists outside of space and time would easily be able to create everything instantly from nothing.
3 Conservation of Angular Momentum
If you look through a telescope, you can see that almost everything in the universe rotates. This applies to planets, suns, moons, and even entire galaxies. It would take enormous amounts of energy to make a planet rotate. From the fact that everything in the universe is rotating, proponents of the Big Bang theory conclude that the "nothing" from which everything is supposed to have emerged must have already been rotating before the explosion. Only in this way could everything continue to rotate after the explosion. If this were the case, everything that was created by the Big Bang would have to rotate in the same direction, since it is logically impossible for something to rotate in two different directions at the same time. However, there are a number of galaxies and celestial bodies in the universe that rotate in opposite directions. These include the galaxy NGC4622, the planets Venus, Uranus and the dwarf planet Pluto, as well as moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, whose orbits run in both directions.
4 Fine-Tuning
When studying the universe and nature, it's easy to see a perfect fine-tuning. The concept of fine-tuning originates neither from natural science nor theology, but rather from engineering. From galaxies and stars to atoms and subatomic particles, the structure of our universe is determined by numbers. They constitute the fundamental constants of the universe (see the following overview):
Speed of light:
c = 299.792.458 m s-1
Gravitational constant:
G = 6,673 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
Plancksche Konstante:
1,05457148 x 10-34 m2 kg s-2
Planck constant:
1.2209 x 1022 MeV
Mass of electron, proton, neutron:
0,511; 938,3; 939,6 MeV
Mass of above, below, strange quark:
2,4; 4,8; 104 MeV (ca.)
Electron to proton mass ratio:
(1.836,15) -1
Gravitational coupling constant:
5,9 x 10-39
Cosmological constant:
(2,3 x 10-3 eV)-4
Hubble constant:
71 km/s/M
Higgs vacuum expectation value:
246,2 GeV
Each of these numbers must have a meticulously precise value on an extremely narrow scale. Only then can life exist. If even one of these values were changed slightly, there would be no planets, no stars, and no life. This fact also speaks against a random origin of the universe as we know it.